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Sanskrit Texts - Vedas, stotras etc in PDF format , in 10 Indian languages
hundreds of them
to download or print , a treasure house.
Under scripture you have also option to select out of 10 Indian Languages, like Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarathi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Marathi etc.
If you like this pass this on.
શાંતિ પ્રાપ્ત કરવાની કળા :
રામકૃષ્ણ પરમહંસના કેટલાક શિષ્યો તેમને મળવા ગયા. તેમણે રામકૃષ્ણ પરમહંસને કહ્યું કે, અમને કંઈક ઉપદેશ આપો.
એ વખતે રામકૃષ્ણ પરમહંસ બહાર ખુલ્લી જગ્યામાં બેઠા હતા. તેઓ શિષ્યોને બદલે આકાશ તરફ જોઈને બોલી રહ્યા હતા. તેમણે કહ્યું કે આ સમડી પાસેથી તમે બોધ મેળવી શકો છો.
શિષ્યોએ ઉપર જોયું તો એક સમડી મોંમાં માછલી પકડીને ઊડી રહી હતી. એની પાછળ બીજી સમડીઓ અને કાગડાઓ ઊડી રહ્યા હતા. તેઓ માછલીને ચાંચમાં લઈને ઊડી રહેલી સમડીને ઘેરી રહ્યા હતા.
કાગડાઓ અને બીજી સમડીઓથી ઘેરાઈ ગયેલી પેલી સમડીએ ચાંચમાંથી માછલી છોડી દીધી. એની ચાંચમાંથી માછલી છૂટી એ સાથે એ સમડીથી થોડે નીચે ઊડી રહેલી સમડીએ એ માછલી પોતાની ચાંચમાં ઝડપી લીધી અને બધાથી દૂર ભાગવા માંડી.
હવે બધા કાગડાઓ અને સમડીઓ એની પાછળ પડી ગયા. બીજી બાજુ જે સમડીએ ચાંચમાંથી માછલી છોડી દીધી હતી એ સમડી એક વૃક્ષ પર જઈને શાંતિથી બેસી ગઈ અને જે સમડીએ માછલી પકડી હતી એની પાછળ પડેલા બીજા પક્ષીઓને જોઈ રહી.
રામકૃષ્ણ પરમહંસે શિષ્યોને કહ્યું કે, ‘આ વૃક્ષ પર બેઠેલી સમડીને જુઓ. એ સમડીએ માછલીને પડતી મૂકી એ સાથે એને શાંતિ મળી ગઈ. હવે એ નિરાંતે બેઠા બેઠા આખો તાલ જોઈ રહી છે. તમારે પણ શાંતિ જોઈતી હોય તો એ સમડીની જેમ જીવતા શીખવું જોઈએ. સાંસારિક ઉપાધિઓ જ બધી આફત લાવે છે. જે આવી ચીજો છોડી દે છે એને શાંતિ મળી જાય છે. જે માણસ બધું છોડી દેતા શીખી જાય એની પાસે કંઈ રહેતું નથી એટલે તેની પાસેથી કંઈ પડાવી લેવા કોઈ તેને હેરાન કરતું નથી. જે માણસો બધી જંજાળ લઈને ફરે છે તેમને ચિંતા રહે છે કે કોઈ તેમની ચીજ ઝૂંટવી જશે. મેં આવી જ રીતે વર્ષો અગાઉ આવી એક ઘટના પરથી પ્રેરણા લઈને જ સંસારની ઉપાધિઓ છોડી દીધી એ પછી મને શાંતિ પ્રાપ્ત થઈ ગઈ..
એ વખતે રામકૃષ્ણ પરમહંસ બહાર ખુલ્લી જગ્યામાં બેઠા હતા. તેઓ શિષ્યોને બદલે આકાશ તરફ જોઈને બોલી રહ્યા હતા. તેમણે કહ્યું કે આ સમડી પાસેથી તમે બોધ મેળવી શકો છો.
શિષ્યોએ ઉપર જોયું તો એક સમડી મોંમાં માછલી પકડીને ઊડી રહી હતી. એની પાછળ બીજી સમડીઓ અને કાગડાઓ ઊડી રહ્યા હતા. તેઓ માછલીને ચાંચમાં લઈને ઊડી રહેલી સમડીને ઘેરી રહ્યા હતા.
કાગડાઓ અને બીજી સમડીઓથી ઘેરાઈ ગયેલી પેલી સમડીએ ચાંચમાંથી માછલી છોડી દીધી. એની ચાંચમાંથી માછલી છૂટી એ સાથે એ સમડીથી થોડે નીચે ઊડી રહેલી સમડીએ એ માછલી પોતાની ચાંચમાં ઝડપી લીધી અને બધાથી દૂર ભાગવા માંડી.
હવે બધા કાગડાઓ અને સમડીઓ એની પાછળ પડી ગયા. બીજી બાજુ જે સમડીએ ચાંચમાંથી માછલી છોડી દીધી હતી એ સમડી એક વૃક્ષ પર જઈને શાંતિથી બેસી ગઈ અને જે સમડીએ માછલી પકડી હતી એની પાછળ પડેલા બીજા પક્ષીઓને જોઈ રહી.
રામકૃષ્ણ પરમહંસે શિષ્યોને કહ્યું કે, ‘આ વૃક્ષ પર બેઠેલી સમડીને જુઓ. એ સમડીએ માછલીને પડતી મૂકી એ સાથે એને શાંતિ મળી ગઈ. હવે એ નિરાંતે બેઠા બેઠા આખો તાલ જોઈ રહી છે. તમારે પણ શાંતિ જોઈતી હોય તો એ સમડીની જેમ જીવતા શીખવું જોઈએ. સાંસારિક ઉપાધિઓ જ બધી આફત લાવે છે. જે આવી ચીજો છોડી દે છે એને શાંતિ મળી જાય છે. જે માણસ બધું છોડી દેતા શીખી જાય એની પાસે કંઈ રહેતું નથી એટલે તેની પાસેથી કંઈ પડાવી લેવા કોઈ તેને હેરાન કરતું નથી. જે માણસો બધી જંજાળ લઈને ફરે છે તેમને ચિંતા રહે છે કે કોઈ તેમની ચીજ ઝૂંટવી જશે. મેં આવી જ રીતે વર્ષો અગાઉ આવી એક ઘટના પરથી પ્રેરણા લઈને જ સંસારની ઉપાધિઓ છોડી દીધી એ પછી મને શાંતિ પ્રાપ્ત થઈ ગઈ..
Linguist Finds a Language in Its Infancy: Warlpiri rampaku, or Light Warlpiri, is a new language spoken only by people under 35 in Lajamanu, an isolated village of about 700 people in Australia's Northern Territory.
July 14, 2013
A Village Invents a Language All Its Own
By NICHOLAS BAKALAR
There are many dying languages in the world. But at least one has recently been born, created by children living in a remote village in northern Australia.Carmel O’Shannessy, a linguist at the University of Michigan, has been studying the young people’s speech for more than a decade and has concluded that they speak neither a dialect nor the mixture of languages called a creole, but a new language with unique grammatical rules.The language, called Warlpiri rampaku, or Light Warlpiri, is spoken only by people under 35 in Lajamanu, an isolated village of about 700 people in Australia’s Northern Territory. In all, about 350 people speak the language as their native tongue. Dr. O’Shannessy has published several studies of Light Warlpiri, the most recent in the June issue of Language.“Many of the first speakers of this language are still alive,” said Mary Laughren, a research fellow in linguistics at the University of Queensland in Australia, who was not involved in the studies. One reason Dr. O’Shannessy’s research is so significant, she said, “is that she has been able to record and document a ‘new’ language in the very early period of its existence.”Everyone in Lajamanu also speaks “strong” Warlpiri, an aboriginal language unrelated to English and shared with about 4,000 people in several Australian villages. Many also speak Kriol, an English-based creole developed in the late 19th century and widely spoken in northern Australia among aboriginal people of many different native languages.Lajamanu parents are happy to have their children learn English for use in the wider world, but eager to preserve Warlpiri as the language of their culture.Lajamanu’s isolation may have something to do with the creation of a new way of speaking. The village is about 550 miles south of Darwin, and the nearest commercial center is Katherine, about 340 miles north. There are no completely paved roads.An airplane, one of seven owned by Lajamanu Air, a community-managed airline, lands on the village’s dirt airstrip twice a week carrying mail from Katherine, and once a week a truck brings food and supplies sold in the village’s only store. A diesel generator and a solar energy plant supply electricity.The village was established by the Australian government in 1948, without the consent of the people who would inhabit it. The native affairs branch of the federal government, concerned about overcrowding and drought in Yuendumu, forcibly removed 550 people from there to what would become Lajamanu. At least twice, the group walked all the way back to Yuendumu, only to be retransported when they arrived.Contact with English is quite recent. “These people were hunters and gatherers, roaming over a territory,” said Dr. O’Shannessy. “But then along came white people, cattle stations, mines, and so on. People were kind of forced to stop hunting and gathering.”By the 1970s, villagers had resigned themselves to their new home, and the Lajamanu Council had been set up as a self-governing community authority, the first in the Northern Territory. In the 2006 census, almost half the population was under 20, and the Australian government estimates that by 2026 the number of indigenous people 15 to 64 will increase to 650 from about 440 today.Dr. O’Shannessy, who started investigating the language in 2002, spends three to eight weeks a year in Lajamanu. She speaks and understands both Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri, but is not fluent.People in Lajamanu often engage in what linguists call code-switching, mixing languages together or changing from one to another as they speak. And many words in Light Warlpiri are derived from English or Kriol.But Light Warlpiri is not simply a combination of words from different languages. Peter Bakker, an associate professor of linguistics at Aarhus University in Denmark who has published widely on language development, says Light Warlpiri cannot be a pidgin, because a pidgin has no native speakers. Nor can it be a creole, because a creole is a new language that combines two separate tongues.“These young people have developed something entirely new,” he said. “Light Warlpiri is clearly a mother tongue.”Dr. O’Shannessy offers this example, spoken by a 4-year-old: Nganimpa-ng gen wi-m si-m worm mai aus-ria. (We also saw worms at my house.)It is easy enough to see several nouns derived from English. But the -ria ending on “aus” (house) means “in” or “at,” and it comes from Warlpiri. The -m ending on the verb “si” (see) indicates that the event is either happening now or has already happened, a “present or past but not future” tense that does not exist in English or Warlpiri. This is a way of talking so different from either Walpiri or Kriol that it constitutes a new language.The development of the language, Dr. O’Shannessy says, was a two-step process. It began with parents using baby talk with their children in a combination of the three languages. But then the children took that language as their native tongue by adding radical innovations to the syntax, especially in the use of verb structures, that are not present in any of the source languages.Why a new language developed at this time and in this place is not entirely clear. It was not a case of people needing to communicate when they have no common language, a situation that can give rise to pidgin or creole.Dr. Bakker says that new languages are discovered from time to time, but until now no one has been there at the beginning to see a language develop from children’s speech.Dr. O’Shannessy suggests that subtle forces may be at work. “I think that identity plays a role,” she said. “After children created the new system, it has since become a marker of their identity as being young Warlpiri from the Lajamanu Community.”The language is now so well established among young people that there is some question about the survival of strong Warlpiri. “How long the kids will keep multilingualism, I don’t know,” Dr. O’Shannessy said. “The elders would like to preserve Warlpiri, but I’m not sure it will be. Light Warlpiri seems quite robust.”
There are many dying languages in the world. But at least one has recently been born, created by children living in a remote village in northern Australia.
Carmel O’Shannessy, a linguist at the University of Michigan, has been studying the young people’s speech for more than a decade and has concluded that they speak neither a dialect nor the mixture of languages called a creole, but a new language with unique grammatical rules.
The language, called Warlpiri rampaku, or Light Warlpiri, is spoken only by people under 35 in Lajamanu, an isolated village of about 700 people in Australia’s Northern Territory. In all, about 350 people speak the language as their native tongue. Dr. O’Shannessy has published several studies of Light Warlpiri, the most recent in the June issue of Language.
“Many of the first speakers of this language are still alive,” said Mary Laughren, a research fellow in linguistics at the University of Queensland in Australia, who was not involved in the studies. One reason Dr. O’Shannessy’s research is so significant, she said, “is that she has been able to record and document a ‘new’ language in the very early period of its existence.”
Everyone in Lajamanu also speaks “strong” Warlpiri, an aboriginal language unrelated to English and shared with about 4,000 people in several Australian villages. Many also speak Kriol, an English-based creole developed in the late 19th century and widely spoken in northern Australia among aboriginal people of many different native languages.
Lajamanu parents are happy to have their children learn English for use in the wider world, but eager to preserve Warlpiri as the language of their culture.
Lajamanu’s isolation may have something to do with the creation of a new way of speaking. The village is about 550 miles south of Darwin, and the nearest commercial center is Katherine, about 340 miles north. There are no completely paved roads.
An airplane, one of seven owned by Lajamanu Air, a community-managed airline, lands on the village’s dirt airstrip twice a week carrying mail from Katherine, and once a week a truck brings food and supplies sold in the village’s only store. A diesel generator and a solar energy plant supply electricity.
The village was established by the Australian government in 1948, without the consent of the people who would inhabit it. The native affairs branch of the federal government, concerned about overcrowding and drought in Yuendumu, forcibly removed 550 people from there to what would become Lajamanu. At least twice, the group walked all the way back to Yuendumu, only to be retransported when they arrived.
Contact with English is quite recent. “These people were hunters and gatherers, roaming over a territory,” said Dr. O’Shannessy. “But then along came white people, cattle stations, mines, and so on. People were kind of forced to stop hunting and gathering.”
By the 1970s, villagers had resigned themselves to their new home, and the Lajamanu Council had been set up as a self-governing community authority, the first in the Northern Territory. In the 2006 census, almost half the population was under 20, and the Australian government estimates that by 2026 the number of indigenous people 15 to 64 will increase to 650 from about 440 today.
Dr. O’Shannessy, who started investigating the language in 2002, spends three to eight weeks a year in Lajamanu. She speaks and understands both Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri, but is not fluent.
People in Lajamanu often engage in what linguists call code-switching, mixing languages together or changing from one to another as they speak. And many words in Light Warlpiri are derived from English or Kriol.
But Light Warlpiri is not simply a combination of words from different languages. Peter Bakker, an associate professor of linguistics at Aarhus University in Denmark who has published widely on language development, says Light Warlpiri cannot be a pidgin, because a pidgin has no native speakers. Nor can it be a creole, because a creole is a new language that combines two separate tongues.
“These young people have developed something entirely new,” he said. “Light Warlpiri is clearly a mother tongue.”
Dr. O’Shannessy offers this example, spoken by a 4-year-old: Nganimpa-ng gen wi-m si-m worm mai aus-ria. (We also saw worms at my house.)
It is easy enough to see several nouns derived from English. But the -ria ending on “aus” (house) means “in” or “at,” and it comes from Warlpiri. The -m ending on the verb “si” (see) indicates that the event is either happening now or has already happened, a “present or past but not future” tense that does not exist in English or Warlpiri. This is a way of talking so different from either Walpiri or Kriol that it constitutes a new language.
The development of the language, Dr. O’Shannessy says, was a two-step process. It began with parents using baby talk with their children in a combination of the three languages. But then the children took that language as their native tongue by adding radical innovations to the syntax, especially in the use of verb structures, that are not present in any of the source languages.
Why a new language developed at this time and in this place is not entirely clear. It was not a case of people needing to communicate when they have no common language, a situation that can give rise to pidgin or creole.
Dr. Bakker says that new languages are discovered from time to time, but until now no one has been there at the beginning to see a language develop from children’s speech.
Dr. O’Shannessy suggests that subtle forces may be at work. “I think that identity plays a role,” she said. “After children created the new system, it has since become a marker of their identity as being young Warlpiri from the Lajamanu Community.”
The language is now so well established among young people that there is some question about the survival of strong Warlpiri. “How long the kids will keep multilingualism, I don’t know,” Dr. O’Shannessy said. “The elders would like to preserve Warlpiri, but I’m not sure it will be. Light Warlpiri seems quite robust.”
Multimedia
An Emerging Language
Carmel O’Shannessy, back left, spends up to eight weeks a year in the village of Lajamanu. Gracie White Napaljarri, back right, is a Warlpiri speaker but children in her family speak Warlpiri and Light Warlpiri.Brilliant Minds at Work ....
1. The milk carton that changes colour before expiring
What a great idea designer Ko Yang has had with this milk carton, that changes colour, telling us how fresh the milk is. The carton begins being white in colour, and as the expiry date moves closer, it begins changing colour to tell us we should drink the milk before it`s too late. A brilliant way to help us consume our food without wasting any, something to which other ideates have already given some thought !
See picture attached: image001-milk
2. The `Beriscope`- Underwater diving without getting wet
Some of us do not know swimming and diving. Some of us have no access to diving equipment. Elderly people, small children, or disabled people who cannot dive. This has a camera at the end. Sometimes ideas allow us to imagine fantastic things and this concept is like that. Its name is Beriscope and it allows us to dive without getting in the water. Who knows if designer Jaewon Choi`s dislike for cold water made him come up with this idea, but the fact is Beriscope saves us from experiencing those small inconveniences related to underwater diving or snorkelling. It also brings the marvels of the seabed to people who would otherwise have never heard of a long cable that is thrown into the water as if fishing, once the camera is inside the water, all that is left is to enjoy all that is hidden in the bottom of the sea.
See picture attached: image002-beriscope1 & image002-beriscope2
3. A cell phone that runs on Coca-Cola!!
Designer Daizi Zheng brings us an interesting concept: a Nokia phone that runs on Coca-Cola. Yes, you read right. It may sound incredible, but it seems this eco-friendly cell phone model really works ! The designer has called it Nokia `green` phone and it works generating electricity through carbohydrates such as the sugar contained in this and other similar drinks. It does not pollute because the end-product of the process is water and oxygen; and to top it all off, Daizi herself assures us that this completely biodegradable battery can last up to 3 and 4 times the normal life of lithium batteries. We`ll just have to find out
See picture attached: image004-coke1 & image004-coke2
4. A new, thief-proof chair
Chairs for restaurants and other establishments that can hold a purse, bags, or any other personal belonging, keeping it away from bag-snatchers that are ready to take advantage of any distraction. This new chair`s name is Stop Thief Chair and is marketed by Danish furniture manufacturer Dan-Form since September. They can be purchased through their official website, in 12 different colours, for 38£. The idea is really just a slight variation made to the seat, that allows us to place any bag or purse under our legs, but I would definitely love to see them at the cafés I go to.
See picture attached: image006-sillaantirobo
5. Take a seat wherever you like with this portable seat
What a great idea it would be to always have a seat at hand to sit down and rest, something light and easy to carry. That`s just what Dolmen is, this clever seat made of cardboard, which –as always- comes from Japan . It weighs only 360 grams and folds so that it can be carried in a purse or briefcase. Whenever you feel like sitting down and taking a breather, all you need to do is unfold it. For the time being, we can unfortunately only buy it in Japan , for the equivalent of approximately 7.50€, in 4 different colours. Until it`s available elsewhere, we`ll just have to sit down and wait.
See picture attached: image007-dolmen
6. Shave anywhere, whenever you like
Small, light and simple. This is the perfect razor concept for today`s hectic, dynamic life. With this razor you can finally shave anywhere you like. Its name is Carzor and is designed by Kuo Chia Hung. It is a portable razor, the size of a credit card, making it perfect for carrying in a wallet. It comes with two spare blades and, best of all, it includes a small mirror, so that you can shave at any time. It also includes a small filament that gives off scents such as mint, lemon, sandal, ocean or orange to avoid irritation and give some aroma.
See picture attached: image008-carzor1, image008-carzor2 & image008-carzor3
7. The suitcase that becomes a scooter.
Forget running around the airports. Do you travel frequently and hate having to run down never-ending corridors and terminals? Well, the people at Samsonite have joined forces with Micro Mobility to design this brilliant suitcase called Samsonite X Micro Mobility Trolley Scooter. It is a suitcase that transforms into an useful and amusing scooter. It takes advantage of the suitcase`s two wheels, and the handgrip becomes a handlebar. This is the end of having to run to catch your flight.
See picture attached: image011-suit_scooter1 & image011-suit_scooter2
8. The 25-dollar incubator
A group of scientists at Embrace have created a baby incubator that costs only 25$ and is specifically intended for use in developing countries, where close to 20 million low birth rate and premature babies are born every year. A traditional incubator we might find in any hospital costs over 20,000$, which is far too expensive for a developing economy. Embrace has the appearance of a sleeping bag and is activated with boiling water, it requires no electricity and is covered with a special material that regulates temperature. It can work for approximately four hours, after which it must be reheated. It can even be sterilized and reused.
See picture attached: image013-incubator1 & image013-incubator2
9. The brilliant idea of the 3-D plug
Now this is real genius! Stop for a moment and count how many power strips you have at home. They`re always in the way, are not at all aesthetic, and more often than not, they don`t have enough space for plugs because adaptors are too big for them. This original and, above all, functional design known as Rozektus 3D is the solution to all these problems. Rozektus` 3D design transforms one plug into five, each on one of the Rozektus` faces so that none of the plugs is in the way of others. The concept for this cube-shaped socket was developed by Russian art collective Lebedev Studio; and, best of all, if you only need one socket, it can simply be pushed inside the wall and out of the way. From what I`ve managed to find out, it is now available around Europe . Genius !
See picture attached: image015-3Dplug1 & image015-3Dplug2
10.Stop smoking with the E-cigarette
The electronic cigarette is driven by modern micro-electronic technology, and is not flammable. It consists of a small rechargeable battery and one only safe and replaceable cartridge containing water, propylene, glycol, nicotine, and tobacco aroma. None of these ingredients are considered cancer-causing agents. When inhaling the cigarette, the air flux is detected by a sensor and a microprocessor activates an atomizer which, in turn, injects minute doses of the liquid compound into the air inhaled, producing a kind of vapour that simulates the effect of a real cigarette. The electronic cigarette is an alternative to traditional cigarettes. Smokers will be able to smoke anywhere, in a way that is more advanced and will not disturb other non-smokers. A fine discovery made by vanguard evaporation micro-technology, that works with a simple rechargeable battery.
See picture attached: image021-Ecigarette
11. A good idea to help people with limited mobility
What you see in this photograph is called Slip Grips. It was designed by Stanton Burns, student of Auburn University (U.S.), and helps people with mobility problems in their everyday activities. Slip Grips allows these persons to carry out simple actions such as write, hold tools and many more movements that can sometimes become an obstacle. This idea will help them become a little more independent. Although it has not yet been marketed, we will surely see it in stores in very little time.
See picture attached: image022-mobility
12. Pin anything down without ruining it:
They`re called Magnetic Push Pins and I think they`re a brilliant idea that will save many of us from having to push holes into all those important documents or photos we hang from cork boards and somehow need to keep within view. This invention is based on the simple concept of placing a magnet on a thumbtack. This allows you to pin it anywhere you like, using the magnet to hold whatever you pin, without ruining it.
See picture attached: image023-MagPushPins
13. Pajamas that can tell if your baby has a fever
This idea will make life easier for all parents who, sometimes, simply don`t understand why their baby is crying, as well as help employees at hospitals and kindergartens at their jobs. These baby`s pajamas called Baby glow, designed by Chris Ebejer, show us if our baby has a fever, by changing colour when our child`s temperature is higher than 37ºC. Parents will instantly realize what is wrong with their baby, and remedy the situation before it worsens. It comes in various colours, but turns white if the child`s body temperature becomes higher than normal. The good news is that it is not just a good idea, but is already being sold in the United Kingdom for 20 Euros.
See picture attached: image024-pajamas
14. A bike in your rucksack
When talking about the idea we are going to present you, maybe we should talk about a bike transforming into a rucksack. In the last years it is very common to come across with novel and original bike designs, and even with contests trying to find the definite bike. All these designs use to share one common point: what is looked for is an urban bike. It is true that bikes are the most sustainable transport system known (unless you consider walking to be a transport system); for this reasons, bikes are more than necessary, and all ideas helping to alleviate the problems a bikers encounters in the big city are welcome, like how to park one`s vehicle.